The Modern Wars:
Crimea (1854-1856)
American Civil War (1861-1865)
Austro-Prussian (1866)
Franco-Prussian (1870-1871)
Colonial Imperial Wars I (1880s-1910s)
World War I (1914-1918)
World War II (1939-1945)
Colonial Liberation Wars II (1950s-1970s)
Korea (1950 – 1953)
Vietnam (1959 – 1975)
Iraq I (1991)
Iraq II (2003 — ?)
Tutorial Readings 3
Thomas E. Rodgers, “Billy Yank and G.I. Joe: An Exploratory Essay on the Sociopolitical Dimension of Soldier Motivation”, The Journal of Military History, 69 (January 2005): pp. 93-121.
Tutorial Readings 1
Marc Egnal
“Rethinking the Secession of the Lower South: The Clash of Two Groups”
Civil War History, Vol. 50 No. 3, 2004. pp.261-290James M. McPherson
“Antebellum Southern Exceptionalism: A New Look at an Old Question”
Civil War History, Vol. 50 No. 4, 2004 pp.418-433
Antebellum United States Part II
(1846-1856)
Wilmot Proviso
Oregon settlement
“54-40 or fight”
common property doctrine
1848 Presidential Elections
Zachary Taylor (W)
Conscience Whigs
Cotton Whigs
William Cass (D)
Popular Sovereignty Doctrine
“Barnburner” Democrats
Free Soil Party
Salmon P. Chase (FS)
California Gold Rush of 1849
New Mexico
Henry Clay (W)
Omnibus Bill
Millard Fillmore (W)
Stephen Douglas (“Little Giant”) (D)
The Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act 1850
Federal Marshals
William and Ellen Craft
Boston Abolitionists
Battle of Christiana
Underground Railway
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
economic determinism
Hacker-Beard Thesis
1852 Presidential election
Winfield Scott (W)
Franklin Pierce (D)
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
“F Street Mess”
William Seward (R)
Republican Party
Abraham Lincoln (R)
Order of the Star Spangled Banner
Know-Nothings
American Party
nativism
fusion parties
Horace Greeley New York Tribune
Bleeding Kansas
New England Emigrant Aid Company
David Atchison (D)
Border Ruffians
Lacompton
Topeka
Wakarusa War
Sack of Lawrence
Charles Sumner (FS)
Preston Brooks (D)
Caning of Charles Sumner
John Brown
Presidential Elections 1856
James Buchanan (D)
Lecture 12 Key Terms
Civil War (1863 – 1864)
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Radical Republicans Union Republicans Frank Blair Atlanta Overland Campaign The Wilderness Cold Harbor Andersonville P.O.W. Camp Henry Wirz Richmond-Petersburg Campaign (Siege of Petersburg) 1864 Republican Party Convention Third Resolution Andrew Johnson Chase Resignation David Tod William Pitt Fessenden 1864 Reconstruction Bill pocket veto Battle of Monocasy River Battle of the Crater Cold Mountain Horace Greeley “unconditional surrender” “to whom it may concern” letter, or The Niagara Falls Declaration Frederick Douglass Charles Robinson letter Lincoln’s Three Conditions War Democrats Peace Democrats 1864 Democratic Party Convention McClellan’s Dilemma Fall of Atlanta Atlanta Refugees November 8 Presidential Election 1864 Burning of Atlanta Sherman’s March (March to the Sea or Savannah Campaign) St. Albans Raid Lake Eire Raid Johnson’s Island Rush-Bagot Treaty Clifton House Niagara Falls George T. Denison III Rush Holme Heydon Park John Wilkes Booth New York City Fire Plot |
COURSE TEXTS HST 603 / CHST 603 The following texts offer a general history of Nazi Germany.
Klaus P. Fischer, Nazi Germany: A New History — updated comprehensive history. — the good the bad and the ugly.
Not everybody likes it but covers the basics of everything. Big book: 745 pages.
Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris (Vol 1) and Hitler 1936-1945: Nemisis (Vol 2) (2 volume biographic history – very good — author a “star” historian of Nazi Germany and Hitler.)
Michael Burleigh, The Third Reich: A New History (very good if you already have a basic knowledge of the history of the Third Reich — ) — also a big book in its stubby way — 965 pages.
Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich and The Third Reich in Power 1933-39 [just recently published] –volume three 1939-1945 not out yet — so you will need something else to cover that period — the World War II years.
Jackson J. Spielvolgel, Hitler and Nazi Germany: A History [5th Edition]
Joseph W. Bendersky, A Concise History of Nazi Germany
Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship [classic]
William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich [(least recommended of all, but still an adequate introduction to the chronology of the Third Reich.)]
They can be also often found on the Internet. Search on: chapters.indigo.ca amazon.ca alibris.com abesbooks.com
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LECTURE 11
The Final Solution Part 1: The Decision to Kill & Aktion Reinhardt
FURTHER READINGS and SOURCES
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LECTURE 6:
Society in the Third Reich
- Ernst Fraenkel The Dual State (1941)
“normative state” [normenstaat] vs.
“prerogative state” [massnahmenstaat]
Leni Riefenstahl (1902-2003) Triumph of the Will and Olympia
[Riefenstahl’s personal website]- Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) German Labour Front
Reichsarbietsdienst (RAD) Reichs Labour Service
NS Volkswohlfahrt (NSV) National Socialist People’s Welfare Society
Deutsche Jungvolk (DJ)
German Young Folk – pimpf (cub) Boys ages: 10-14
Hitlerjugend (HJ)
Hitler Youth – boys ages: 15-18
Jugendmädelbund (JM)
League of Young Girls – Ages: 10-14
Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) – League of German Girls – 15-18
Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter
(Mutter Kreuz) — Mother’s Cross
Lebensborn (“Fount of Life” SS natal institution)
READINGS:
Klaus P. Fischer, Chapter 10
SUGGESTED READINGS:
David F. Crew (ed) Nazism and German Society
George L. Moses, Nazi Culture
Michael Burleigh, The Third Reich: A New History
Hans Peter Bleuel, Sex and Society in Nazi Germany (UK edition title: Strength Through Joy)
ESSAY ASSIGNMENTS
There are two parts to the essay assignment: the outline and the essay. The outline should consist of one double-spaced page with a description of your proposed essay, an argument if you have one and/or your approach to the subject and its significance to the course if not immediately evident. (Approximately 250 words.)
A one or two page annotated bibliography of six sources at least should accompany the essay description. This should consist of the author, title, publisher, city, and year of publication of the book, journal article, or other source and a short commentary on what the source offers to your essay. Outlines submitted with no annotations to the bibliography will be heavily penalized. Sources should be current academic monographs or academic journal articles — not popular works like Time-Life Books, Complete Idiot’s or Dummies Guides, Colliers Children’s Encyclopedia, Encarta, Wikipedia, Historyplace.com, etc. Journalistic works with citations are acceptable. In general, if your source does not provide detailed references in the form of footnotes, endnotes or specific page references, it is unsuitable as a source. If you intend to include websites, provide their URLs in the proposal for approval.
You will be assessed on the uniqueness of your topic and on the depth, currency and academic quality of your sources. The use of academic journal articles, many of which are available online through the Ryerson Library is highly encouraged. If you are not familiar with academic article databases like JSTOR and Project Muse, go (run!) immediately to a librarian at the Ryerson Library and ask them to show you how to use these databases. You can access them from home and many (but not all) articles are available for downloading in full text. A link on the course website also provides you an introduction as to how to enter the online journal interface.
You may at any time after submitting a proposal, change your approach, your sources, and even completely change your essay topic without submitting a new proposal but I strongly suggest to check with me first on topic changes. Part 2: The Essay (30%)
Essays should be 2,500 words in length (approximately 10-12 pages not including your title page and bibliography and appendix if any.) Standard 12 pt font, cursive or non-cursive, double spaced text, standard 2.5 cm margins, 11” X 8 ½” paper. Pages must be stapled (no binders or paperclips), paginated, and submitted with a cover page containing no art or decorative elements. The cover page must have: your name, student number, course number, section number and essay title. Essays not conforming to these standards will not be accepted and late penalties will be imposed until the essay is resubmitted in the required format.
Essays must be based on a minimum of six sources (not including course texts but seminar readings are acceptable), and should not include, encyclopedias, textbooks, or general or popular histories, or unapproved websites, (2 marks deducted for every Wikipedia or like citation) etc., as described above in Part 1.
Paragraphs are to be indented without any additional spaces between paragraphs, unlike in this course outline, for example. Any relevant images, maps, graphs included in the essay are to be placed into an Appendix at the back.
The essay should have a single descriptive title or a creative title with a descriptive subtitle. For example: Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders or The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution, etc. “History Essay” is not a title. Marks will be deducted for essays submitted without a title and/or title page.
Any paper not conforming to the above standards will be heavily penalized.
Citations
A history essay is like a courtroom argument—it is based on the presentation of evidence conforming to rules of evidence in an expositive argument. The way hearsay is not admissible in court, Wikipedia for example, is likewise not admissible as evidence in historical discourse. Just as court evidence is presented in a disciplined system: Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C, etc, in the historical argument, the Chicago Style footnoted citation is used to lead and guide the reader through the evidence behind the persuasive discourse of the text above.
Some of the journal readings for seminars will have been pointed out to you as appropriate models for the citation style required for your essay.
Essays must have a bibliography and have footnoted citations in the Chicago style (at the bottom of the page). Parenthetic in-text or inline style citations are unacceptable for a history essay. A well researched essay integrating multiple sources into its argument contains on average five to six citations per page — approximately 50 to 70 citations per essay.
As a general rule, references should be given for direct quotations, summaries or your own paraphrases of other people’s work or points of view, and for material that is factual, statistical, controversial, assertive or obscure. You must cite more than just direct quotes. WHEN IN DOUBT, IT IS BETTER TO PROVIDE A REFERENCE. You do not need to cite items of general knowledge like, for example: the sun rises in the east or Elizabeth II is the Queen of England.
Essays that do not provide specific page references in each citation will be automatically failed without an opportunity to resubmit. Go to these links for a guide to the required citation format: http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c10_s1.html
http://www.douglascollege.ca/library/chicago.html
Why Chicago Style Footnotes?
http://www.yale.edu/bass/writing/sources/kinds/principles/why.html
This is an example of the basic required style for citations which are to be inserted at the bottom of each page:
1 Jane Doe, The ABC’s of History (Toronto: Ontario Publishers, 1997), pp. 20-21
2 Jane Doe, p. 23
It is not necessary to use archaic terms like ibid or op cit. and their use is even discouraged as word processing drag or cut-and-paste editing can easily displace the logic of these citation terms. An author’s surname and page number is acceptable for subsequent citations once you have introduced all the relevant reference information in the first citation to that particular source. If you are citing more than one work by the same author, then include the title as well. Titles are to be put into italics or underlined. See the above webpages for further details and formats as to how to cite journals, multiple authors, collections, etc. or search “Chicago style footnotes” on Google. To create numerically sequential footnotes in MS WORD 2007 go to the “References” ribbon and select [Insert Footnote]; in earlier version of MS WORD, go to the “Insert” menu and then select [Footnote] item.
Footnotes may optionally on occasion contain additional relevant short comments on the cited source but in general this practice is discouraged.
Bibliographies
Essays MUST provide alphabetically ordered by author’s surname, bibliographies of all works consulted, whether or not they have been quoted directly. An adequate bibliography for this assignment will contain no less than six books or journal articles related to the topic. General books, dictionaries, atlases, textbooks and/or encyclopedias DO NOT count towards this minimum number of sources, and their inclusion in citations will NOT be considered as constituting research. Seminar readings are acceptable as citable sources.
An example of a bibliographic entry is as follows:
Smith, John. History of Canada (Toronto: Ontario Publishers, 1997).
Submission of Essays
Essays are to be submitted to the instructor on the due date in lecture.
Electronic Submission of Essays
If you find it necessary to submit an essay by e-mail, the following file naming protocol is to be used:
“Last Name_First Name_CourseNumber_SectionNumber_Title”
Any attached file not using this exact naming protocol will not be accepted.
Only MS Word files (preferred) in .doc or .docx format or PDF files will be accepted.
The submission of files by e-mail will usually be acknowledged within two days. A hard copy of the essay is to be submitted at the next opportunity. Indicate on the front of the hardcopy the date you had e-mailed the essay to me previously. The e-mailed essay will secure your submission date. Obviously the hard copy is to be exactly identical with the e-mailed copy. Hard copies of previously e-mailed essays not indicating the e-mail date on the cover will be assigned the date of the submission of the hard copy with no appeal accepted.
Hardcopy Submission of Essays
Do not slip essays under my door or into my mail-box. Hard copies may be submitted to the Essay Drop Off Box in the History Department (JOR500).
I will guarantee essay returns with comments by the day of the exam only to those essays submitted to me on the due date, in hard copy, in required format, in lecture. All other essays will be marked after the exam and arrangements may be made to get your essay mark by e-mail after the final marks have been submitted.
Late Penalties and Extensions
Extensions may be granted on medical or compassionate grounds but will be automatically penalized three (3) marks regardless. Students requesting an extension should submit an e-mailed request to me before the deadline specifying precisely the date to which they are requesting the extension. After the due date, students need to provide appropriate documentation relating to the extension request (i.e. doctor’s note, death certificate of relative, police report on their stolen laptop, repair bills for their crashed hard disc, veterinary reports on the contents of Fluffy ’s stomach, etc). Essays submitted under an extension must have my written response to the extension request attached to the front of the essay. E-mailed submissions are to be attached as a ‘reply’ to my earlier response to the extension request. Submissions without my extension approval attached to their front will be penalized as late with no opportunity of appeal afterward. No late work will be accepted after the last day of lecture or extensions granted beyond the last lecture day.
Two (2) marks per/day are deducted from your essay mark for late submissions, weekends included, until the day the essay is submitted to me. If I do not acknowledge the receipt of your e-mailed essay within a few days, it is your responsibility to ensure I have received it. Keep copies of all work, including marked assignments returned to you and e-mails of your submissions until your final course mark is released. Re-submissions of earlier e-mailed essays “lost” in transmission, should such an unlikely scenario occur, will only be accepted in the form of a forwarded copy of the original e-mail. There are no exceptions to this. Outstanding assignments will not be accepted after the last day of lecture.
Earning Marks
The evaluation of your research, content, evidence, originality and argumentation is of primary concern in marking as is the quality of your sources as described above. Equally important is the syntax, style and structure of your work. Marks will be deducted from work containing excessive grammatical/spelling mistakes, typographical errors, work that is excessively long or inadequately short, or which fails to provide properly formatted footnoting/bibliography. Essays that consist of frequent long quoted passages or sentences, even if footnoted, will be severely penalized. Be selective in direct quotations. Ask yourself, “can this be said in my own words and then cited?” Is there a stylistic or argumentative reason for quoting the source directly? Be sure to edit and check your work carefully. Do not simply rely on your computer’s spelling or grammar checker.
Grounds for Assignment Failure
Essays which do not supply proper and adequate references and bibliographies as described above or submitted after the final day of lecture will be failed. Any written work that quotes directly from other material without attribution, or which paraphrases extensive tracts from the works of others, is plagiarized will be failed with no opportunity to submit and will result in additional severe academic consequences. Please consult the Ryerson academic calendar for further information on plagiarism. If you have any questions or doubts about how to cite material, please feel free to contact me.
Suggested Essay Themes
1. A biography of a lesser known Third Reich military figure, party functionary, politician, business figure, writer, journalist, or civilian, male or female, who might have made a contribution to the history of the Third Reich.
2. An exploration of a particular theme, policy, crucial moment or aspect in the biography of a more prominent figure. For example, Hess’s decision to fly to England, Speer’s appointment as Minister of War Production; the decision to implement the Final Solution; the decision to invade Russia. Do not attempt to write a complete biography of a major figure—pick a decisive moment in their life or a particular theme. Remember—you only have 10 pages!
3. A particular battle or campaign significant to the outcome of the war, to military tactics or to technologies. Explore the historical debates about a battle and the elements attributed to its outcome.
4. An exploration of a military technology and/or the individual designer behind it, a development in military management—logistics, medical care, prisoner-of-war policy, recruitment, transport, espionage, aerial surveillance, naval issues.
5. A look at a particular social, business, or political institution in the Third Reich—the Catholic Church, the Hitler Youth, Hitler Maidens, the SS, the Gestapo, the Reichsbank–again, you probably cannot write an essay on the whole history of the institution–address a particular policy or period or problem in the institution’s history.
6. A foreign policy issue or foreign relations with a particular country or a particular period or diplomatic figure, conference, crisis.
7. A look at cultural institutions of the period—music, art, theatre, literature, cinema.
8. A look at a service branch in the Third Reich: nursing, hospitals, orphanages, social policy, policing, health care, communications, railways, banks. How did they impact the conduct of the war? What effect did the war have on them? How did National Socialist ideology shape these institutions in a unique way?
9. The role of a professional class in the Third Reich: doctors, lawyers, journalists, scientists or a social class–workers, peasants, middle-classes, aristocracy.
10. A study of a war crimes trial, a particular crime or type of crime, a perpetrator–individual or institutional, legal aspects of the crime, the war crime trial process.
Grounds for Failure: The incompletion of the essay requirement or exam requirement will result in failure regardless of your standing in the completed requirements. Essays which do not supply proper and adequate citations indicating precise page references and bibliographies will be failed. Essays will not be accepted after the last day of lecture without prior arrangement. Any written work that quotes directly from other material without attribution, or which paraphrases extensive tracts from the works of others, is plagiarised. It will receive no marks and there will be no chance to resubmit. Please consult the Ryerson academic calendar for further information on plagiarism. If you have any questions or doubts about how to cite material, please feel free to contact me.
Plagiarism: Plagiarism is a form of intellectual dishonesty in which someone attempts to claim the work of others as their own. Work which has been researched and/or written by others, such as an essay-writing agency, internet service, friend, or family member is NOT acceptable. The submission of such work is one form of plagiarism, and it will be dealt with accordingly as academic misconduct. Quoting directly or indirectly from research sources without proper attribution is also plagiarism, and it will also constitute an academic misconduct. The Faculty of Arts policy on plagiarism will be strictly enforced in this course; resulting in a grade of zero for the assignment, a report to the Registrar and the programme department of the student, and possibly other academic penalties. A second violation of the Code of Academic Conduct on a student’s record will result in a recommendation of suspension or expulsion.
For additional help, Ryerson now offers the Academic Integrity Website at http://www.ryerson.ca/academicintegrity/
This offers students a variety of resources to assist in their research, writing, and presentation of all kinds of assignments. It also details all dimensions of Academic Misconduct and how to avoid it. It was put together by a team representing the Vice President Academic, faculty, the library, Digital Media Projects, and Student Services.
Auschwitz I Stammlager
Auschwitz II
Auschwitz III Monowitz
crematorium II (III, IV, V) krema
doctors
Theodor Adorno — “The Authoritarian Personality Type” — “F-scale”
Klaus Barbie
FURTHER READINGS and SOURCES
